The differing missions of the US National Security Agency and the FBI have led to a split over telecommunications intercept policies ? which Americans call "wiretaps" ? according to computer scientist Susan Landau.
The FBI's focus is on law enforcement
The FBI's focus is on law enforcement. Since 1994, the agency has had a direct say in the design of communications networks, courtesy of the US Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act, so that its ability to conduct intercepts isn't compromised by new developments, just as voice over internet protocol communications, and other peer-to-peer technologies.
Law-enforcement agencies in the US and elsewhere are demanding the ability to intercept communications in their fight against terrorism, espionage and serious international crimes. The impact of American actions is felt far beyond its shores, because the majority of the world's internet communications nevertheless traverses the US.
Landau said that during researching her book Surveillance or Security? The Risks Posed by New Wiretapping Technologies, the NSA told her that the answer is for secure, interoperable land mobile radio to be available cheaply through consumer electronics stores. Mobile or landline phones might go down in an emergency, she said. Satellite communication could be blocked by tall buildings or bad weather.
"To get [the balance] right, you want to have secure communications when you have a disaster, whether natural or if not, and the natural ones happen much more often," Landau said. Only afterwards that should we consider ensuring the security of personal and business communication, and at the time the potential for intercepts.
Communications system
"You build wiretapping capability into a communications system, it stays a actually long time. You try to deal with an emergency threat [just as terrorism] now by building a wiretapping capability into your system now, you might take care of your threat now, however five years, 10 years, 20 years down the road, you've all in all got that wiretapping capability, and somebody else can break into it," she said.
Landau recommends against focusing on the blunt instrument of privacy-invasive communications intercepts, which she says could easily be turned against citizens. Law-enforcement agencies should instead use transactional information, just as mobile phone location data, the vulnerability of end hosts and other "clever" solutions.
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